Thursday, 8 May 2014

21 Roads You Have to Drive in Your Lifetime

There’s nothing like a road trip to really experience a country. From coastal highways and dizzying mountain passes, to scenic routes through national parks and bridges over great spans of water; roads are the circulatory system that connects a country. After an extensive search online, the Sifter has compiled a list of some of the most beautiful, challenging and unforgettable roads in the world.
While hardly exhaustive, this list should provide great inspiration and bucket list fodder for those planning an upcoming trip. Please feel free to share any additional roads in the comments and perhaps a pt II will be compiled :)


1. Highway 1, Big Sur, California

bixby-bridge-highway-1-big-sur-california

State Route 1 (SR 1) is a major north-south state highway that runs along most of the Pacific coastline of the U.S. state of California. The highway is famous for running along some of the most beautiful coastlines in the USA, leading to its designation as an All-American Road.

Highway 1 enters the Big Sur region crossing the San Carpoforo Creek just south of the Monterey County line. For about 90 miles (140 km) from the San Carpoforo Creek to the Carmel River, the road winds and hugs the cliffs of Big Sur, passing various coastal parks in the area. The road also briefly leaves the coast for a few miles and goes through a redwood forest in the Big Sur River valley. This segment of the highway, built between 1919 and 1937, also crosses several historic bridges, including the scenic Bixby Creek Bridge shown above. [Source]

2. Furka Pass, Switzerland

Furkapassroute-in-Switzerland-as-seen-from-Grimselpassroute
Photograph by Cooper.ch

Furka Pass (el. 2429 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting Gletsch, Valais with Realp, Uri. The Furka Pass was used as a location in the James Bond film Goldfinger. [Source]

3. The Atlantic Road, Norway

Photograph via KULfoto.com

The drunk bridge / Il ponte ubriaco
Photograph by Giorgio Ghezzi

Opened on July 7, 1989, the Atlantic Road is a National Tourist Route and was honoured as Norway’s Construction of the Century in 2005. The Atlantic is an 8.3 kilometer (5.2 miles) section of Country Road 64 which runs between the towns of Kristiansund and Molde, the two main population centres in the county of More og Romsdal in Fjord, Norway. The road is built on several small islands and skerries, which are connected by several causeways, viaducts and eight bridges. For more information check out this featured post on the Sifter.

4. White Rim Road, Canyonlands National Park, Utah

white-rim-road-canyonlands-national-park-utah

The 100-mile White Rim Road loops around and below the Island mesa top and provides expansive views of the surrounding area. Trips usually take two to three days by four-wheel-drive vehicle or three to four days by mountain bike. All vehicles and bikes must remain on roads. ATVs and non-street legal dirt bikes are not permitted. Pets are also not permitted, even in vehicles.

Under favorable weather conditions, the White Rim Road is considered moderately difficult for high-clearance, four-wheel-drive vehicles. The steep, exposed sections of the Shafer Trail, Lathrop Canyon Road, Murphy’s Hogback, Hardscrabble Hill, and the Mineral Bottom switchbacks make the White Rim loop a challenging mountain bike ride, and require extreme caution for both vehicles and bikes during periods of inclement weather. [Source]

5. Tianmen Mountain Road, Hunan, China

Tianmen Mountain National Geopark winding mountain road_3
Photograph by About Tiger on Flickr

Road to Tianmen mountain
Photograph by Peter Cheung

Tianmen Mountain is a mountain located within Tianmen Mountain National Park, Zhangjiajie, in northwestern Hunan Province, China. A cable car operates from nearby Zhangjiajie railway station to the top of the mountain. It features 98 cars and a total length of 7,455 meters and an ascent of 1,279 meters. The highest gradient is an unusual 37 degrees. There is also an 11 km road with 99 bends that reaches the top of the mountain and takes visitors to Tianmen cave, a natural hole in the mountain at a height of 131.5 meters. [Source]

6. Seven Mile Bridge, Florida Keys

seven-mile-bridge-florida-united-states

The Seven Mile Bridge is a famous bridge in the Florida Keys, in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It connects Knight’s Key (part of the city of Marathon, Florida) in the Middle Keys to Little Duck Key in the Lower Keys. Among the longest bridges in existence when it was built, it is one of the many bridges on US 1 in the Keys, where the road is called the Overseas Highway. [Source]

7. Chapman’s Peak Drive, Cape Town, South Africa

Chapman's Peak Drive
Photograph by Ismail Omar

Chapman’s Peak Drive winds it way between Noordhoek and Hout Bay on the Atlantic Coast of the south-western tip of South Africa. The 9km route, with its 114 curves, skirts the rocky coastline of Chapman’s Peak (593m). The drive is affectionately known as “Chappies” and offers stunning 180° views with many areas along the route where you can stop and take in the exquisite scenery. [Source]

8. Stelvio Pass, Eastern Alps, Italy

stelvio-pass-eastern-alps-italy
Photograph by Damian Morys Photography

The Stelvio Pass, located in Italy, at 2757 m (9045 feet) is the highest paved mountain pass in the Eastern Alps, and the second highest in the Alps, slightly below the Col de l’Iseran (2770 m, 9088 feet). Stelvio was also picked by the British automotive show Top Gear as its choice for the “greatest driving road in the world”, although their search was concentrated only in Europe. This conclusion was reached after the team went in search of a road that would satisfy every “petrolhead’s” driving fantasies in the premiere of the show’s 10th season. Top Gear later decided that the Transfăgărăşan Highway in Romania was possibly a superior driving road. [Source]

9. Col de Turini, France

Untitled

The Col de Turini (el. 1607 m) is a high mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Alpes-Maritimes in France. It lies near Sospel, between the communes of Moulinet and La Bollène-Vésubie in the Arrondissement of Nice. It is famous for a stage of the Monte Carlo Rally which is held on the tight road with its many hairpin turns. The Col de Turini has also featured three times in the Tour de France (1948, 1950 and 1975) averaging 7.2% over 15.3 km when approached from the East starting at the valley of the river Vésubie. [Source]

10. Guoliang Tunnel Road, China

guoliang-tunnel-china
Photograph via Blog-O-Rama

The Guoliang Tunnel is carved along the side of and through a mountain in China. The tunnel is located in the Taihang Mountains which are situated in the Henan Province of China. If you want to get there, you should start your trip in Xinxiang. Leave the city by driving north on Huanyu Avenue (the S229). After 13 miles you’ll enter the town of Huixian. Stay on the S229 for 15 miles more until you reach the junction with the S228. Turn left here and keep following the S229. After 8 miles you reach the village of Nanzhaizen. Turn left again and follow directions to Guoliang, 8 miles further. [Source]

11. Denali Highway, Alaska

Denali Highway
Photograph by Tom Roche

Denali Highway (Alaska Route 8) is a lightly traveled, mostly gravel highway in the U.S. state of Alaska. It leads from Paxson on the Richardson Highway to Cantwell on the Parks Highway. Opened in 1957, it was the first road access to Denali National Park (then known as Mount McKinley National Park). The Denali is 135 miles (217 km) in length. [Source]

12. Karakoram Highway, China/Pakistan

flight to Gilgit 22
Photograph by bjapuri (Ed Sentner)

The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass, at an elevation of 4,693 m/15,397 ft. It connects China’s Xinjiang region with Pakistan’s Gilgit–Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions and also serves as a popular tourist attraction. Due to its high elevation and the difficult conditions in which it was constructed, it is also referred to as the “Eighth Wonder of the World.” The Karakorum Highway is known informally as the KKH, and — within Pakistan — officially as the N-35; within China, officially as China National Highway 314 (G314). [Source]

13. Great Ocean Road, Australia

Great_Ocean_Road_Lorne_Australia

The Great Ocean Road is an Australian National Heritage listed 243-kilometre (151 mi) stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Australia between the Victorian cities of Torquay and Warrnambool. The road was built by returned soldiers between 1919 and 1932, and is the world’s largest war memorial; dedicated to casualties of World War I. It is an important tourist attraction in the region, which winds through varying terrain alongside the coast, and provides access to several prominent landmarks; including the nationally significant Twelve Apostles limestone stack formations. [Source]

14. Sani Pass, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

sani pass kwazulu-natal province south africa

Sani Pass is located in the western end of KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa on the road between Underberg and Mokhotlong, Lesotho. Sani Pass is a notoriously dangerous road that requires the use of a 4×4 vehicle. The pass is approximately 9 km in length and requires above average driving experience. While South African immigration at the bottom of the pass prohibits vehicles deemed unsuitable for the journey, the Lesotho border agents at the top generally allow vehicles of all types to attempt the descent. Border between the two countries closes at 4:00 pm every day and the Pass is often closed due to weather conditions, especially during winter. [Source]

15. Ruta 40, Argentina

Ruta 40
Photograph by m•o•m•o on Flickr

National Route 40 or RN40 (often called Ruta 40), is a route in western Argentina, stretching from Cabo Virgenes in Santa Cruz Province in the south to La Quiaca in Jujuy Province in the north, running parallel to the Andes mountains. The southern part of the route, a largely paved road through sparsely populated territory, has become a well-known adventure tourism journey.

Route 40 is the longest route in Argentina and one of the largest in the world (along with the U.S. Route 66 and the Stuart Highway in Australia. It is more than 5,000 km (3,107 mi) long and crosses 20 national parks, 18 major rivers, 27 passes on the Andes, and goes up to 5,000 m (16,404 ft) above sea level in Abra del Acay in Salta. [Source]

16. Going-to-the-Sun-Road, Glacier National Park, Montana

Going-to-the-Sun Road
Photograph by at38000feet on Flickr

Going-to-the-Sun Road was completed in 1932 and is a spectacular 50 mile, paved two-lane highway that bisects Glacier National Park east and west. It spans the width of the Park, crossing the Continental Divide at 6,646-foot-high Logan Pass. It passes through almost every type of terrain in the park, from large glacial lakes and cedar forests in the lower valleys to windswept alpine tundra atop the pass. Scenic viewpoints and pullouts line the road. In 1983 Going-To-The-Sun Road was included in the National Register of Historic Places and in 1985 was made a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. [Source]

17. Dadès Gorges, High Atlas, Morocco

Dades_Gorge_high-Atlas-Morocco
Photograph by Rosino

Carved over the centuries by the Dades River, the Dades Gorge is now a very popular destination for travellers in Morocco. Travellers in 4WD (with a guide) can follow a mountain loop (at certain times of the year), following Dades Gorge as far north as Agoudal, then turning south to head for Todra Gorge. It can be accessed from the small town of Boumaine which lies 116 km northeast of Ouarzazate and 53 km from Tinerhir. A sealed road runs for 63 km through the Gorge as far as Msemrir, after that 4WD is necessary. The best time to visit the lower valleys is from March to May and the mountains are best from May to July. [Source]

18. U.S. Route 550 ‘The Million Dollar Highway, Colorado

million-dollar-highway-us-route-550-colorado
Photograph by flamouroux on Flickr

U.S. Route 550 is a spur of U.S. Highway 50 that runs from Bernalillo, New Mexico to Montrose, Colorado in the western United States. The section from Silverton to Ouray is frequently called the Million Dollar Highway. The Million Dollar Highway stretches for about 25 miles (40 km) in western Colorado and follows the route of U.S. 550 between Silverton and Ouray, Colorado. It is part of the San Juan Skyway Scenic Byway. Between Durango and Silverton the Skyway loosely parallels the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad.

Though the entire stretch has been called the Million Dollar Highway, it is really the twelve miles (19 km) south of Ouray through the Uncompahgre Gorge to the summit of Red Mountain Pass which gains the highway its name. This stretch through the gorge is challenging and potentially hazardous to drive; it is characterized by steep cliffs, narrow lanes, and a lack of guardrails; the ascent of Red Mountain Pass is marked with a number of hairpin curves used to gain elevation, and again, narrow lanes for traffic—many cut directly into the sides of mountains. [Source]

19. Trollstigen, Rauma, Norway

Trollstigen_Norway

Trollstigen (English: Trolls’ Ladder) is a serpentine mountain road in Rauma, Norway, part of Norwegian National Road 63 connecting Åndalsnes in Rauma and Valldal in Norddal. It is a popular tourist attraction due to its steep incline of 9% and eleven hairpin bends up a steep mountain side. Trollstigen was opened on July 31, 1936, by King Haakon VII after 8 years of construction. During the top tourist season about 2,500 vehicles pass daily.

The road is narrow with many sharp bends, and although several bends have been widened during the years 2005 to 2012, vehicles over 12.4 metres long are prohibited from driving the road. At the 700 metres plateau there is a car park and several viewing balconies overlooking the bends and the Stigfossen waterfall. Trollstigen is closed during autumn and winter. A normal opening season stretches from mid-May to October, but may sometimes be shorter or longer due to changes in the weather conditions. [Source]

20. The Amalfi Coast, Italy

amalfi-coast-italy-road-to-sorrento
Photograph by Wade 48 on Flickr

The Amalfi Coast is widely considered Italy’s most scenic stretch of coastline, a landscape of towering bluffs, pastel-hued villages terraced into hillsides, corniche roads, luxuriant gardens, and expansive vistas over turquoise waters and green-swathed mountains. Deemed by UNESCO “an outstanding example of a Mediterranean landscape,” the coast was awarded a coveted spot on the World Heritage list in 1997. The Amalfi Coast lies along the southern flanks of the Sorrento Peninsula, a cliff-edged promontory that wanders out from the mainland at the southern end of the Bay of Naples. [Source]

21. Transfăgărășan, Romania

Transfagarasan road romania
Photograph by Horia Varlan

The Transfăgărășan or DN7C is the second-highest paved road in Romania. Built as a strategic military route, the 90 km of twists and turns run north to south across the tallest sections of the Southern Carpathians, between the highest peak in the country, Moldoveanu, and the second highest, Negoiu. The road connects the historic regions of Transylvania and Wallachia, and the cities of Sibiu and Pitești.

The road climbs to 2,034 metres altitude. The most spectacular route is from the North. It is a winding road, dotted with steep hairpin turns, long S-curves, and sharp descents. Top Gear host, Jeremy Clarkson, had said about Transfăgărășan that, “this is the best road… in the world” – a title the program’s presenters had previously given to the Stelvio Pass in Italy. [Source]




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Monday, 5 May 2014

Aran Islands: A visual tour of one of Ireland's treasures

Inishmore
The Atlantic Ocean gleams in the distance as a visitor rides a rented bicycle past the cowpaths and pastures of Inishmore in the Aran Islands. (All photos: Catie Leary)
Ireland may be a relatively small place, but after traveling around the island with my camera, I quickly learned it packs a lot of punch in terms of varied, breathtaking geography: Rolling green hills, idyllic countryside, rugged coastlines, looming mountains and countless other geologically significant natural landmarks.
 
Map of the Aran Islands
While seeking out the most scenic spots to document in the Emerald Isle, I knew a day trip to the Aran Islands was a no-brainer.
 
Nestled within the mouth of Galway Bay on Ireland's west coast, this small Atlantic archipelago is composed of three separate islands: Inishmore, Inishmaan and Inisheer. The largest of the islands, Inishmore (also known as "Inis Mór" in Gaelic), receives the most visitors, and it's easy to understand why considering its wealth of archaeological, geological and cultural points of interest.
 
Continue below to see more photos from my bicycle tour across Inishmore and learn more about this sublime corner of the Earth.
 
Inishmore bicycling
 
The best way to get to Inishmore and the other Aran Islands is to catch a ferry from the Galway ports of Doolin or Rossaveal. After a beautiful 45-minute ferry ride across Galway Bay, visitors are let off at the Aran port of Kilronan, where they choose from a variety of island transit options, including bus tours and bicycle rentals. When the weather is clear, bicycles are a great choice for people looking to independently tour (and photograph!) the island at their own leisure.
 
While Inishmore makes a wonderful day trip, there is also a hostel and several bed-and-breakfasts for overnight visitors.
 
Inishmore quarry
 
In this sweeping westward view of Inishmore, an old quarry and the small village of Kilmurvy are seen in the foreground while the prehistoric Dún Aonghasa fort looms at a distance on the edge of the cliff.
 
Inishmore means "Great Island" in English, but prior to the 20th century, the island was commonly known as Árainn na Naomh, which means "long ridge of the saints" in Gaelic. This etymology makes a lot of sense when you consider the island's sublime geography, which is characterized by rocky plains and sharp, dramatic cliffs.
 
Inishmore Dun Aengus
 
The Aran Islands are an offshore extension of the Burren, one of the largest karst landscapes in Europe. Mostly contained within County Clare, the craggy karst hills of the Burren actually used to be the site of a tropical, calcium-rich sea about 350 million years ago. After ocean sediment formed into limestone rock, the region endured several glaciation periods (including the most recent ice age), which resulted in the gradual karstification of the surface.
 
Karstification occurs when acidic water breaks down and deepens the cracks of a bedrock surface over a long period of time. The erosion of the cracks eventually forms limestone pavement consisting of isolated limestone slabs called "clints" incised by deep fissures called "grikes." An example of limestone pavement can be seen in the image above, which was taken atop a 100-meter-high cliff in Dún Aonghasa, a famous prehistoric fort in Inishmore.
 
Today, fossils of coral, sea urchins, ammonites and other creatures can still be found in the heavily fissured landscape of the mainland Burren and the Aran Islands.
 
Coffee shop in Inishmore
 
Cows graze outside a coffee shop and museum located at the foot of Dún Aonghasa. Because the Aran Islands are Gaeltacht communities, most of the shop signs on the islands are written in Gaelic. Any instances of the English language found in the islands are usually only there for the convenience of tourists.
 
Gaeltacht refers to regions where the government recognizes the Irish Gaelic language as the predominant vernacular language. While most Irish residents are fluent in English after centuries of anglicization, these special districts were officially established in the early 20th century after the formation of the Irish Free State. This intentional move was part of a larger effort to revive and strengthen Irish Gaelic culture, which also includes folklore, sports, music and other forms of art.
 
Aran Sweater Market
 
The Aran Sweater Market is the foremost destination for authentic Aran knitwear, which has been a traditional, functional art found on the islands for centuries. These high quality sweaters are famous for their complex, intricate stitch patterns that have been passed down by island inhabitants from generation to generation.
 
Ironically, these iconic Aran "jumpers" are generally not made from local sheep's wool. Since there are few sheep living on the island, wool must be imported from the mainland to keep up with tourist demand.
 
Located in Kilronan, the Aran Sweater Market "acts as a custodian of this ancient island tradition as it continues to grow as a global fashion item." Watch the video below to learn more about the history of these remarkable sweaters:
 
Seven churches in Inishmore
 
Found on the west end of the island in the town of Eoghnacht, the Seven Churches are ancient monastic ruins that were active between the 8th and 13th centuries. Despite its name, only a pair of churches remain standing today after English military and political leader Oliver Cromwell burnt them down in the 17th century as part of an ongoing effort to rid Ireland of Catholicism.
 
Inishmore lighthouse and cow
 
Situated on the highest point of the island, Inishmore's old lighthouse (top right corner) is seen behind a grazing cow. This lighthouse was built in the 19th century, but it had a short working life due to poor positioning. A pair of new lighthouses were later constructed to make up for this error, and now the old lighthouse mainly serves as a visual point of interest. From the top of the tower, visitors are treated to a stunning 360-degree view of Inishmore.
 
Inishmore cliff from Dun Aengus
The northwest Aran cliffs and the Brannock islands (refer to map at the top of story) are seen in this photo taken from Dún Aonghasa.
Walking bicycle through a cowpath
 
Taking care to avoid any cowpies, a visitor walks his bicycle through the rocky cowpaths of Inishmore.
 
Handbuilt stone gate
 
Dry stone walls, like the one pictured above, are common sights in Ireland. The structures, made from carefully selected interlocking stones, are built without using any mortar to bind them together.
 
Grazing cow
 
A cow grazes in pastures separated by handbuilt dry stone walls.
 
Walking bicycle through a cowpath
 
A fluffy dog keeps watch over the island from the porch of his home in the small village of Kilmurvy, Inishmore.
 
Inishmore horse
 
Surrounded by dry stone walls, a horse gazes out over Galway Bay to the Irish mainland.

7 aerial trams with unmatchable views

Bird's-eye view

Some of the world's greatest mountains are popular for their skiing, but for many people, the allure of these places is not the slopes, but the view from a chairlift or aerial tram. In any season, the mountain scenery seen from such a vantage point is a novelty that never loses its allure.
 
Though most people associate gondola lifts with alpine landscapes, this unique form of transport can also be found on flat land and in urban environments. These non-alpine trams do not offer views of snow-covered mountains peaks, but their unique vantage point makes them as interesting to experience as their higher-altitude peers.
 
Here are 7 aerial tramways that provide utterly unmatchable views. (Text: Josh Lew)


Aerial trams


Table Mountain Aerial Cableway, S. Africa

Table Mountain gives Cape Town one of the most dramatic skylines of any city in the world. The views of this picture-worthy metropolis are the most stunning when seen from the Table Mountain Aerial Cableway. This South African gondola lift climbs nearly 2,500 vertical feet. The cableway has a colorful history, with the original tram making the first journey up the mountain in 1928. Not only can riders on the 65-passenger tram see the massive seaside metropolis of Cape Town as they ascend, but they can also view the Atlantic coastline to the west and the south, Table Bay, and Robben Island. Even with all these noteworthy sights, the dramatic cliffs of the mountain itself are the undisputed highlight.

Table Mountain Aerial Cableway



Sandia Peak Tramway, New Mexico

This 2.7-mile tramway travels to an altitude of more than 10,000 feet. Used to reach New Mexico's underrated ski areas during the winter, this tram provides amazing views of the vast desert and the stunning peaks that sit right outside of Albuquerque. Riders can enjoy panoramas of the Rio Grande Valley and the expansive Cibola National Forest (in which Sandia Peak itself is located). The 4,000-foot change in altitude, experienced during the tram's 15-minute journey, has one surprising side effect: a significant temperature change. It can be as much as 30 degrees cooler at the top of Sandia Peak as it is at the tramway's lower terminus.

Sandia Peak Tramway


Sugarloaf Mountain Tram, Rio de Janeiro

Sugarloaf Mountain, called Pão de Açúcar by Portuguese speakers, is an iconic part of the skyline of Rio de Janeiro. This towering granite rock formation rises about 1,300 feet above Guanabara Bay. Cable cars have been taking people up Sugarloaf for more than a century. Rio is a beautiful metropolis when seen in a panoramic view, and this peak is one of the best places to appreciate the city's unique mix of urban and natural scenery. The original turn-of-the-century tram system was completely rebuilt in the 1970s. This new incarnation was famously featured in the James Bond film “Moonraker.” The tramway was renovated in 2009, ahead of the upcoming FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics. The cars are quite large, and savvy tourists will tell you to make sure to get a window seat so you can enjoy the best views.

Sugarloaf Mountain Tram

Emirates Air Line, England

Also known as the Thames Cable Car, theEmirates Air Line is an urban tramway in London.  It is a recent addition to the city's skyline. Opened in 2012, just ahead of the Summer Olympics, the tramway is sponsored, as its official name suggests, by UAE-based Emirates Airline. Each 10-person cable car crosses above the Thamas River between the Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks. Mainly used for sightseeing, riders get a bird’s-eye view of some of London's most iconic sights along the river. A handful of people use the Emirates Air Line for commuting.

Emirates Air Line

Klein Matterhorn Tramway

The most iconic views in the Swiss Alps can be seen through the windows of the Klein Matterhorn Tramway's cars. With an upper terminus at 12,533 feet above sea level, this is the highest cable car in Europe. It offers easy access to the viewing platform on the summit. Riders can make a multi-stage cable car journey all the way from the town of Zermatt to the viewing platform. Along the journey, you can catch views of the Theodul Glacier, the Plateau Rosa Glacier and the Alps peaks that surround the Klein Matterhorn. Skiers and visitors to the ice caves located on the mountain use the Tramway, though most people who ride do so for sightseeing purposes. 

Klein Matterhorn Tramway


Medellin Metrocable, Colombia

The aerial tram with some of the most dramatic and unusual views on this list was not built for the purpose of sightseeing. The Medellin Metrocablewas built to supplement the city's public transportation system. Locals use the service to travel up the steep slopes of valley in which Medellin sits. By most estimates, 30,000 people ride the three lines of the cable car network every day. Built in 2004, the system was intended for use by residents of the poorer hillside neighborhoods who did not have access to bus routes because of the extreme steepness of the local roads. But the cable cars are also attractive to sightseers, who are able to see panoramas of almost the entire city as well as the lush valley landscapes that characterize this part of northern South America.

Medellin Metrocable

10 animals on the verge of extinction

Polar bears

This one shouldn't surprise you. The polar bear has become the poster animal for the devastating changes global warming is bringing to the Arctic. Polar bears are dying because their range is shrinking; the sea ice they use to hunt seals is melting as temperatures rise. It's estimated that there are 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Thirty percent of the 19 recognized subpopulations are in decline. (Text: Shea Gunther) 

polar bears

Lions

It might be too late for lions. The number in the wild has dropped by as much as half in 20 years. Today there are an estimated 16,500 to 47,000 African lions, down from 400,000 in 1950. Their population has been carved up into ever-tightening, isolated ranges. Humans are spreading into these small pockets of space, and instability on the continent isn't conducive to conservation.

Lion

Elephants

There are about 500,000 African elephants in the wild. Poachers hunt elephants for their tusks, a relationship that has changed their evolutionary path -- elephants with shorter tusks are breeding more and producing offspring with increasingly stunted tusks. Elephants don't breed until they're teenagers and gestation lasts for 22 months -- creating a population unable to bounce back. 

Elephant in the water

Tigers

Tigers and humans don't mix well. We hunt them for fur, gallbladders, paws, teeth and tail. Their habitat has been under assault by development over the past few decades. All six remaining subspecies are endangered. Some estimates put the total number of breeding tigers at 2,500 with no subpopulation larger than 250.
 
Tigers


Cheetahs

Do you recognize any patterns? We're good at killing big cats. Cheetahs are fast, but they might not be able to outrun extinction. The cat that can accelerate faster than a muscle car isn't adaptable to habitat change and has recently suffered from genetic degradation due to inbreeding. It's estimated that about 12,000 cheetahs remain the wild. They have a high infant mortality rate and are losing more habitat every year.

Baby cheetah

Egyptian vultures

These beautiful, white, well-feathered birds have an average wing span of 5.5 feet and are found in southern Europe, northern Africa, and western and southern Asia. They use tools, dropping rocks onto ostrich eggs to crack the shell. Their thin beaks and long necks let them get carrion larger birds can't reach. However, they are being poisoned by Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug used on domesticated animals. 
 
Egyptian vultures

Mountain gorillas

Of all the animals, I'm most hopeful for the mountain gorillas. They face poaching and loss of habitat, but they also have a lot of support. However, they are pursued by hunters and have been stricken by the Ebola virus. An outbreak between 2002 and 2004 in Gabon and Congo may have killed as many as 5,000 gorillas. Their populations are increasingly isolated, putting them in danger of being picked off by hunters, farmers and disease.  
 
Mountain gorillas


Chinese alligators

While American alligator populations are exploding, their Asian cousins are in danger. There are only about 200 Chinese alligators living in the wild in a handful of ponds along the lower Yangtze River in eastern China. They were pushed out of their habitats by agriculture and the presence of poisoned rats, which the alligators eat. The species is thriving in captivity, with about 10,000 around the world. 


Chinese alligators

Orangutans

About 62,000 Orangutans live on the Southeast Asian islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Their habitat has been chopped up into smaller, more isolated pockets. Logging, road construction and especially the creation of palm-oil plantations have leveled their habitats, leaving them vulnerable to hunting and kidnapping (to be sold as pets). Like mountain gorillas, orangutans have the benefit of good PR, but that might not be enough.
 
Orangutans


Blue Whales

The world's largest animal is in trouble. Blue whales were nearly hunted to extinction in the early 20th century, and by the time hunting was deemed illegal in 1966, only a few thousand remained, down from a prewhaling population of about 240,000. Today, they are under attack from seas polluted by chemicals such as PCBs and noise from boats and sonar equipment. Add the warming and acidification of the seas, and the outlook is bleak. 

whale

Thursday, 1 May 2014

Top 10 Most Sacred Places in the World

There are about 21 major world religions today and there exist a number of places which are considered to be the focal point and the center pieces of these religions. Some of these have been envenomed by the rise of conflicts and claims different belief holders have on these places, like Jerusalem, which is labeled as a city most prone to a future conflictual demise. Then there are some only accessible to the members of certain faith while others are absolute aesthetic wonders and see more than mere millions flocking each year to witness their spiritual magnificence.

10) Naritasan Shinshoji Temple, Japan
 pagoda-naritasan-temple-narita-big
Narita-san or literally the “Narita Mountain” and Shinshō-ji or the “New victory temple”) is a Shingon Buddhist temple located in central Narita, Chiba, Japan. Founded in the year 940 by Kanchō Daisōjō, a disciple of Kōbō Daishi, this temple dedicated to Fudō myōō (“Unmovable Wisdom King”), often known as the fire god. What makes it all the more sacred and beautiful is the lush backdrop of Naritasan Park, which is a beauty to behold in its full bloom, during spring.Narita is the first entry point to the beautiful city of Tokyo, thus more than 10 million (mostly Japanese) people visit this temple, many of whom drop by en route Tokyo. The Gion festival is one of the main attractions amongst all the festivities conducted in the Narita San Complex, it takes place every year in July.
9) Sultanahmet Camii , Istanbul
The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is also known as the famous Blue Mosque because the interior especially the inaccessible upper floors are embellished with blue tiles. This exemplification of unmatched masonry and architecture accentuates the Istanbul skyline. The famous Ottoman architect Sedefkâr Mehmet Ağa took 7 tedious years to finish this marvel, during the rule of Ahmed I. Fascinatingly it also marks the site of The Great Palace of Byzantine and stand at par with the beauty of Hagia Sofia.
The design is a beautiful apogee of Ottoman church and Byzantine mosque development and the interior of the mosque which is accessible from the hippodrome is the finest example of the rarest aesthetic marvel. The mosque is active and can access up-to 10,000 visitors. 
8) Bodh Gaya, India
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Bodh Gaya is the focal point of Buddhist faith as it’s here the famous tree ‘Bodhi Tree’, underneath which Gautama Buddha is said to have obtained Enlightenment (Bodhi mandala), is located. The modern location of this site is in Bihar, India. 250 years after Buddha’s enlightenment, this place was visited by Ashoka who by then had given on worldly pleasures and sought peace through Buddha’s teachings. He is considered the founder of Mahabodhi temple. He established the monastery and erected a diamond throne as a representation of Buddha’s asana.
Every year thousands of people adhering to Buddhist belief come here for the grand celebration of Buddha Jayanti from as far as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Maynmar, Bhutan and Japan. Many of these devotees dwell near the Bodhi compound for a prolonged period just to be near the place where Gautam Buddha attained Elightenment.
7) Tian Tan Buddha, China
Tian Tan Buddha
Tian Tan Buddha is also known as the Big Buddha. This large statue of a Buddha Amoghasiddhi was completed in the year 1993 and has been a major Buddhist attraction ever since. It measures an astounding 112 feet, made entirely of bronze it weighs around 250 metric tons. One of the most famous features which set it apart from other Buddha statues around the world is that it houses inside is a relic of Gautama Buddha, consisting of some of his alleged cremated remains.
Each year thousands of visitors gather here, not just the ones belonging to Buddhist faith but people from all walks of life. Especially the days before the Chinese New Year are the busiest.
6) Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris
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Notre Dame de Paris (our lady of Paris) or simply Notre Dame was popularized through Victor Hugo’s famous book ‘The Hunchback of Notre Dame’ which was later adapted into a Disney movie of the same name. It is a Roman Rite Catholic Marian cathedral and the first gothic cathedral of its kind to encompass the flying buttress.
One of the many centerpieces of Catholic religion, the Notre Dame Cathedral echoes the footfall of more than 13 million pilgrims every year. No journey to the beautiful city of Paris is considered complete without a mandatory visit to Notre Dame.
5) Mount Kailash, Tibet
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Contrary to the popular belief Mount Kailasa’s significance in Hinduism is tantamount to its religious importance in Jainism, Buddhism and Bon religion. According to Hindu religion Mount Kailasa is the heavenly abode of Lord Shiva, who is the destroyer of ignorance, evil and illusion. In Jainism the mountain is known as Meru Parvat or Mount Sumer,  where the first Jain Tirthankara, attained liberation. A sect of  Buddhists believe that Mount Kailash is the home of the Buddha Demchok or supreme bliss.
Every year thousands of pilgrims make their way to Mount Kailash from all three faiths. And owing to its elevation and prominence a pilgrimage to Mountain Kailash is considered one of the toughest across the world.
4) Tirupati, India
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In a country that puts its faith in more than 33 Million gods, Tirupati is one of the major pilgrimage cities. It is famous for Venkateswara Swamy Temple dedicated to Lord Venkateswara. How relevant it is to the believers is clear from the fact that the place witnesses a footfall of more than 40 million devotees every year that is 50,00 every day.
It is the second richest pilgrimage (at an estimated 50,000 crores with an approx. annual income of 10 Billion INR) only second to the Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple in Kerala. The Tirumala hills are the second oldest rock mountains in the world. The word itself is constituted from two different words, Tiru means ‘holy’ or sacred and mala means chain i.e., the mountain chain.
3) Vatican City
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Vatican City was established as an independent state back in the year of 1929. With only a citizen count of 800 this city welcomes more than 4 million visitors every year. It is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state, ruled by the Bishop of Rome—the Pope. The Vatican is the administrative center of the Catholic Church. Half of the Vatican territory is occupied by lush green gardens, the countless fountains and the bulk of St. Basilica sometimes causes mists and dews. It is also the first carbon- neutral state in the world.
It owes it sanctity not just to being the home of Pope but also to its aesthetic grandeur, it is home to some of the most famous art in the world. Architects include Bramante, Michelangelo, Giacomo della Porta, Maderno and Bernini have been the designer behind many cathedrals especially the famous St. Basilica. Thus Vatican City is also the only state to have made it to the UNESCO’s List of World Heritage Sites.
2) Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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The holy city of Mecca also pronounced as makkah is located in Hejaz. It is the birthplace of Muhammad and marks the site of Muhammad’s first revelation of Quran. That’s why it is regarded as the holiest cities in the Islamic religion. More than 16 million people flock each year to Kabba, during the hajj period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month, which is 8 times the number of original residents.
Kabba, the cube or the sacred house is described as the most sacred Islamic site; Muslims are expected to face the Kaaba during prayers, no matter which part of the world they are in. Followers from all over the world deem it as an obligation according to one of the five pillars of Islam to visit this center of the Islamic Universe. Non-muslims are however, prohibited from the city.
1) Jerusalem
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Al-Quds is the Arabic name for the city of Jerusalem. The short form of Beit al-Quds, it originated from the word (qádusa) the literal meaning of which is; “to be holy”, “to be pure”. It is one of the oldest cities in the world and is the only one to be considered sacred by all the followers of three Abrahamic faiths- Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The city has been marred by the frequent clashes between the Isarelis and the Palestinians, both claim it to be their capital. Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism, Christianity and Islam for almost 3000, 2000 and 1400 years respectively. Thus it has inevitably become a continuous source of fiction. Nevertheless this holy city witnesses an annual footfall of more than three and a half million followers from each of these faiths.